Ana Səhifə / Haqqımızda / Hesabatlar

Hesabatlar

South Caspian Basin Project. Year 1

South Caspian Basin Project. Year 1

  • The executive companies: University of South Carolina, University of Utah, Geology Institute, Azerbaijan Research Institute of Geophysics
  • The year of publication: April 1995
  • Code: 95-02-448
  • Volumes: total 6
     volumes with appendixes in same amount: -

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


The overall objective of this study as determined by the Sponsors was to 1) document stratigraphic variations affecting the distribution of reservoir quality sediments + HC-rich source rocks through the analysis of seismic and well data, 2) determine the rock maturation characteristics and chemistry of oils and rocks and 3) construct log controlled cross-sections that correlate to regional seismic profiles. The items listed below were integrated to form final interpretations:
 

  • Tectonic and sediment transport overview
  • Regional Cross-sections
  • Seismic Profile Interpretation
  • Stratigraphic Columns
  • Reservoir Characterization Petrology/PetrographyFormation WatersClay DataMineralogy of Reservoirs
  • Geochemistry of Rocks and Oil


    Of the 199 rock samples studed, 71 thin sections were cut for petrographic description and initial reservoir characterization. These samples were also used for biostratigraphic interpretations, source rock analysis, maturation and stable isotope work. The distribution of these samples - geographic and stratigraphic - is shown on maps, along with detailed tables of the data. A CD is included showing these thin sections. 85 oil samples were collected from wells and seeps and the distribution is noted in tables. These samples were used in several analytical procedures to attempt to categorize them into families and biomarker interpretations.


    Regional cross sections are included as enclosures to this report and regional stratigraphic interpretations made from log and seismic sections, although limited, are also included in this year study. An extensive bibliography has been accumulated.


    CONTENTS


    VOLUME 1. INTRODUCTION

    1.1 List of Figures (all volumes)1.2 List of Tables (all volumes)1.3 Appendix List1.4 List of Enclosures (all volumes)1.5 Acknowledgements1.6 Project Schedule1.7 Project Contributors1.8 Executive Summary1.9 Terminology


    VOLUME 2. TECTONICS AND GEOPHYSICS

    2.1 Chapter 1. Tectonic Summary of the South Caspian2.1.1 Late Paleozoic2.1.2 Triassic2.1.3 Early Jurassic2.1.4 Middle-Late Jurassic2.1.5 Early Cretaceous2.1.6 Late Cretaceous2.7 Paleogene2.1.8 Miocene2.1.9 Pliocene-Pleistocene2.1.10 Quaternary2.1.11 Tectonic Setting2.1.12 Project Area2.1.13 Pricaspian-Kuba Area2.1.14 Shamaka-Gobustan Area2.1.15 Apsheron Area2.1.16 Lower Kura Area2.1.17 Baku Archipelago2.2 Chapter 2. Geophysics2.2.1 Seismic Cycles2.2.2 Seismic Acquisition Techniques2.2.3 Processing of Seismic Data2.2.4 Seismic Interpretation2.2.5 Results2.2.6 Seismic Terminology


    VOLUME 3. STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTATION

    3.1 Introduction3.2 Mesozoic3.3 Tertiary3.3.1 Paleocene3.3.2 Eocene3.3.3 Oligo-Miocene3.3.4 Mio-Pliocene3.3.5 Middle Pliocene (Productive Series)3.3.6 Upper Pliocene3.4 Quaternary3.4.1 Lower Apsheronian3.4.2 Middle Apsheronian3.4.3 Upper Apsheronian3.5 Summary


    VOLUME 4. ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY


    4.1 Chapter 1. Source Rock Characterization4.1.1 Bulk Analysis
    • Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
    • Rock Eval Pyrolysis
    4.1.2 Chromatographic Analysis
    • Soxhlet Extraction
    • Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID)
    • Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
    4.1.3 Visual Kerogen Analysis
    • Sample Preparation
    • Kerogen Types and Depositional Environments
    • Biostratigraphic Age Determination
    4.1.4 Maturity Analysis
    • Reflected Light Microscopy
    • Transmitted Light Microscopy
    • Chemical Methods
    • Synthesis
    4.1.5 References


    4.2 Chapter 2. Crude Oil and Seep Characterization

    4.2.1 Bulk Analysis
    • Relative Density
    • Total Sulfur
    • Asphaltene Isolation, Column Chromatography and Carbon Isotopes
    4.2.2 Chromatographic Analysis
    • Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID)
    • Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
    4.2.3 Seep Characterization
    • Asphaltene Isolation and Pyrolysis
    • Chromatographic Analysis
    • Seep-Crude Oil - Source Rock Correlation
    4.2.4 Integrated Biomarker - Isotope Technique4.2.5 Oil - Source Rock Correlation4.2.6 Generation, Expulsion and Migration4.2.7 References4.2.8 Appendices4A1. Physical Rock Descriptions
    4A2. Vitrinite Reflectance Histograms
    4A3. Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection: Seeps (soluble Fraction)
    4A4. Historical Perspective of Geochemical Research in Azerbaijan
    4B1. Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection: Source Rock Extracts
    4B2. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, Source Rock Extracts: Steranes
    4C1. Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection: Crude Oils
    4C2. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, Crude Oils: Steranes
    4C3. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, Crude Oils: Terpanes
    4C4. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry, Crude Oils: Various Compounds


    VOLUME 5. RESERVOIR GEOLOGY/OIL AND GAS FIELDS

    5.1 Chapter 1. Reservoir Geology5.1.1 Introduction5.1.2 Clay Mineralogy5.1.3 Mineralogy and Reservoir Properties of Middle Pliocene5.1.4 Petrology5.1.5 Formation Waters in Azerbaijan5.1.6 Apsheronian Oil and Gas Region5.1.7 Lower Kura Depression5.1.8 Baku Archipelago5.1.9 References5.1.10 Terminology5.2 Oil and Gas Fields5.2.1 Brief History of the Oil Industry in the South Caspian5.2.2 Project Area5.2.3 Apsheron Area5.2.4 Lower Kura Area5.2.5 Baku Archipelago5.2.6 Shamaka-Gobustan Trend5.2.7 Pricaspian-Kuba Area5.2.8 Depth of Production5.2.9 References


    VOLUME 6. REFERENCES AND APPENDIX

    6.1 References6.2 Appendix: Formation Water Mineralogy Histograms
Reservoir Quality Study of Clastic Rocks from the South Caspian Basin

Reservoir Quality Study of Clastic Rocks from the South Caspian Basin

  • The executive companies: Geology Institute, Exxon
  • The year of publication: 1996
  • Code: -
  • Volumes: total 4
     volumes with appendixes in same amount: 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


This report is result of an agreement for Scientific Technical Cooperation between Geology Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences and Exxon Ventures (CIS). The objective of the Joint Scientific Research study is to help each part better understand the reservoir quality variations throughout the Productive Series and Red Bed Series in the South Caspian Basin by analyzing core samples and supplementary data from potential reservoir units.


The most important stratigraphic interval in the South Caspian Basin from an economic standpoint is the Upper Miocene - Pate Pliocene Productive Series. Over 95% of Azerbaijan discovered hydrocarbons are reservoired in Productive Series rocks. The equivalent aged section in Turkmenistan is called the Red Bed Series. Nearly 100% of Turkmenistan hydrocarbons in the South Caspian Basin are reservoired in these sediments.


Seventy-nine samples from 23 fields ranging in depth from 1,030 to 5,982 meters were provided. This study includes quantitative petrographic, mineralogic and SEM analyses. In addition, Mercury Injection Cappilary Pressure (MICP) were performed on selected samples to gain an understanding of the relationship among pore types, porethroat size and irreducible water saturation. MICROQUANT was used to quantify intragranular porosity and microporosity and to identify their origin and distribution in an attempt to estimate producible porosity.


Numerous supplementary data, including reports, literature and previous data analyses were provided by the GIA. These data were incorporated into this study interpretation to provide more statistical validity to the results. Fine-grained clastic rocks, stratigraphically equivalent to the reservoir samples, were analyzed for ostracods and nannofossils to help delineate the stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental framework of the sedimentary sequence.


CONTENTS

  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF RESERVOIR QUALITY GRAPHS
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF PLATES


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objectives1.2 Regional Geologic Setting1.3 Data Base1.3.1 Reservoir Data1.3.2 Supplementary Data1.3.3 Biostratigraphic Data1.4 Analytical Program


2. THIN SECTION MICROSCOPE PETROGRAPHY

2.1 Introduction2.2 Petrography2.2.1 Texture2.2.2 Framework Grain Mineralogy2.2.3 Grain Replacements2.2.4 Pore-Filling Constituents2.2.5 Pore System Properties2.2.6 Porosity Development2.2.7 Climate and Environment Indicators2.2.8 Provenance and Petrofacies


3. MICROPOROSITY

4. MERCURY INJECTION CAPPILARY PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

5. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)

6. FACTORS CONTROLLING RESERVOIR QUALITY

6.1 Introduction6.2 Summary6.3 Deposition Controls6.3.1 Composition6.3.2 Texture6.4 Post-Deposition Controls6.4.1 Cementation6.4.2 Burial Conditions6.4.3 Compaction6.4.4 Microporosity6.5 Reservoir Quality vs. Depth


7. REFERENCES

  • APPENDIX 1: PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CLASTIC ROCKS FROM THE SOUTH CASPIAN BASIN
  • APPENDIX 2: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF PRODUCTIVE SERIES AND RED BED SERIES ROCKS FROM THE SOUTH CASPIAN BASIN
  • APPENDIX 3: SUPPLEMENTARY DATA PROVIDED BY THE GIA
Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironments of the Productive Series and Adjacent Units, Kura Depression Area, Eastern Azerbaijan

Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironments of the Productive Series and Adjacent Units, Kura Depression Area, Eastern Azerbaijan

  • The executive companies: Geology Institute, Amoco
  • The year of publication: February 1996
  • Code: # 951033
  • Volumes: total 1. Volumes with appendixes in same amount: 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


This report summarizes the results of a joint study involving paleontologists from the Geology Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences and Amoco EPTG Paleontology group. The project involved collecting and analyzing samples from the Productive Series and adjacent units at four localities in the Kura River drainage basin and the western Azerbaijan Peninsula. Results have been integrated with previously acquired data to produce a biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental synthesis for eastern Azerbaijan.

Biostratigraphic data generated in the course of this analysis were graphically correlated against Amoco C-Azeri composite standard to yield precise age interpretations for the Pontian through Absheron interval. These data are supplemented in places by osotopic age dates derived from our own collections and from previously published reports. Graphic correaltion results show that regional unconformities are developed at the Plio-Pleistocene contact (1.8 Ma;=Akchagyl- Apsheron boundary); at the contact between the Upper Productive Series and Akchagyl (4.3-2.6 Ma;= Seismic Horizon 1); at the base of the Pereriva Suite (5.3 Ma;=Seismic Horizon 2); at the base of the Productive Series (5.8-5.6 Ma;=Seismic Horizon 3); and within the middle Pontian (approx. 6.8-5.8 Ma;=Messinian Event). Moreover, intra-sequence biostratigraphic subdivisons are possible within the lower and upper portions of the Productive Series. The level of biostratigraphic resolution within the Productive Series is adequate to confirm or refute tenuous seismic and/or log correlations.
 

Paleoenvironmental interpretations indicate that the lower Pontion was fluviodeltaic. Middle and upper Pontian deposits accumulated inmore open-basin environments, 30- 50 m in depth, with stable paleosalinities of 15-18 ‰ . The overlying Lower Productive Series accumulated in progressively shallower and less saline waters. Deposition of the Kirmaky through NKG suites reflects the transiton from nearly marine conditions in the Pontian to closed-basin, low salinity, deltaic facies in the Upper Productive Series. By Sabunchi time, the Caspian Basin was completely isolated from the world ocean and supported an endemic biota. Water depths during Sabunchi-Surakhany deposition were extremely shallow (<5 m) and paleosalinities did not exceed 2‰. Palynomorhs recovered form the uppermost Productive Series are indicative of relatively wet climatic conditions. The Caspian Basin experienced a very brief marine incursion at the beginning of Akchagyl time. Quickly thereafter, the basin again became isolated with an endemic biota and paleosalinities in the range of 8-14 ‰ . Akchagylian palynomorphs indicate very arid conditons, consistent with the onset of worldwide glaciation.


CONTENTS


1.0 Executive Summary


2.0 Introduction


3.0 Babazanan (Paleo Locality 17891)
 

3.1 Locality Description3.2 Lithostratigraphy3.3 Sampling3.4 Biostratigraphy3.5 Paleoenvironments3.6 Isotopic Dating


4.0 Sundi (Paleo Locality 17893)
 

4.1 Locality Description4.2 Lithostratigraphy4.3 Sampling4.4 Biostratigraphy4.5 Paleoenvironments4.6 Isotopic Dating


5.0 Geylar Village (Paleo Locality 17892)
 

5.1 Locality Description5.2 Lithostratigraphy5.3 Sampling5.4 Biostratigraphy5.5 Paleoenvironments


6.0 Sumgayit Station (Paleo Locality 17894)
 

6.1 Locality Description6.2 Lithostratigraphy6.3 Sampling6.4 Biostratigraphy6.5 Paleoenvironments


7.0 Composite Standard


8.0 References


Appendix


Enclosures 1-5
 

Productive Series Reservoir Characterization and Petroleum Geology of the Lower Kura Depression, Southeastern Shemakha-Gobustan Trough and Baku Archipelago, Republic of Azerbaijan

Productive Series Reservoir Characterization and Petroleum Geology of the Lower Kura Depression, Southeastern Shemakha-Gobustan Trough and Baku Archipelago, Republic of Azerbaijan

  • The executive companies: GIA, Earth Sciences and Resources Institute, University of Utah
  • The year of publication: October 1996
  • Code: # 96-5-20924
  • Volumes: total 3
    volumes with appendixes in same amount: 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


This report performed in 1996 by GIA and Earth Sciences and Resources Institute, University of Utah (USA) consists of 3 volumes and dedicated to study of characterization and structural features of the Productive Series (Lower Pliocene) - basic reservoir of the South Caspian basin.


The study area consists of three main structural zones to which the oil and gas fields and unproven anticlinal structures are confined: the Lower Kura depression, the Shemakha-Gobustan trough and the Baku Archipelago.


The first volume includes the results of regional studies of structural features and stratigraphy of the Productive Series. These studies include the geophysics, velocity and seismic interpretation, seismic-wireline log correlation, sedimentology and subsurface correlation of outcrop sections, thin section description, paleomagnetic results on outcrop sectios.


The second volume deals with reservoir correlation and properties of the Productive Series. There are te results of such studies as analyses of petrographic and mineralogic properties of the rocks of V-VIII horizon (by Karadag nomenclature), factors, controlling small-scale reservoir quality, study of binary images of thin sections, binary mosaic images and radial power spectra, incremental and Cummulative Mercury Injection curves.


The third volume includes the description of the structure, summary of oil and gas production, petrographic descriptions of individual fields the studied region. Altogether there is a description of 31 onshore and offshore fields.


The report includes numerous tables, images and graphics.


CONTENTS


Volume 1. Structural Stlyes and Stratigraphy

Chapter 1. Tectonics and Structural StylesChapter 2. Geophysics, Velocity and Seismic InterpretationChapter 3. Seismic-Wireline Log CorrealtionChapter 4. Stratigraphic Nomenclature and Wireline Log Correlation of the Upper Productive SeriesChapter 5. Kichik Kharami Outcrop Section: Sedimentology and Subsurface CorrelationChapter 6. Babazanan Outcrop Section: Sedimentology and Subsurface CorrelationChapter 7. Kirmaki Valley Outcrop Section: Sedimentology and Subsurface Correlation


  • Appendix 1A. Thin Section Description of Samples from Outcrop Sections
  • Appendix 1B. Paleomagnetic Results from Outcrop Sections

 

Volume 2. Reservoir Properties and Correalation of Productive Series Collectors with an Emphasis on Horizons V-VIII (Karadag Nomenclature)

Chapter 1. Wireline Log Response and Correlation of Horizons V-VIIIChapter 2. Petrographic Summary


  • Appendix 2A. Color Plates


Chapter 3. Clay Material Properties of Horizon V


Chapter 4. Factors Controlling Small-scale Reservoir Quality

  • Appendix 4A. Binary Images of Thin Section
  • Appendix 4B. Binary Mosaic Images and Radial Power Spectra
  • Appendix 4C. Incremental and Cumulative Mercury Injection Curves


Volume 3. Oil and Gas Fields of the Lower Kura, Southeastern Shemakha-Gobustan and Baku Archipelago Regions

Chapter 1. Summary of Oil and Gas ProductionChapter 2. Alyat-deniz Field
 

  • Appendix 2A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 3. Babazanan Field


  • Appendix 3A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 4. Balykly FieldChapter 5. Beyuk Kharami FieldChapter 6. Bulla-deniz Field


  • Appendix 6A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 7. Byandovan FieldChapter 8. Byandovan-deniz FieldChapter 9. Dashgil Field


  • Appendix 9A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 10. Durovdag FieldChapter 11. Duvanny FieldChapter 12. Duvanny-deniz Field


  • Appendix 12A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 13. Garasu Field


  • Appendix 13A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 14. Kalamaddyn Field


  • Appendix 14A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 15. Kalmas Field


  • Appendix 15A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 16. Karabagly Field


  • Appendix 16A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 17. Khamamdag-deniz Field


  • Appendix 17A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 18. Khere-Zirya Field


  • Appendix 18A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 19. Khilly FieldChapter 20. Khydyrly FieldChapter 21. Kichik Kharami FieldChapter 22. Koturdag FieldChapter 23. Kyanizadag FieldChapter 24. Kyurovdag Field


  • Appendix 24A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 25. Kyursangya Field


  • Appendix 25A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 26. 8 March Field


  • Appendix 26A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 27. Mishovdag Field


  • Appendix 27A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 28. Neftechala Field


  • Appendix 28A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 29. Pirsagat Field


  • Appendix 29A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 30. Sangachal-deniz FieldChapter 31. Sangi Mugan Field


  • Appendix 31A. Petrographic Descriptions and Plates


Chapter 32. Solokhai FieldChapter 33. Sabail and Umid Structures